§1033 — Involuntary conversions
120 cases·40 followed·12 distinguished·1 questioned·4 criticized·1 limited·3 overruled·59 cited—33% support
Statute Text — 26 U.S.C. §1033
If property (as a result of its destruction in whole or in part, theft, seizure, or requisition or condemnation or threat or imminence thereof) is compulsorily or involuntarily converted—
Into property similar or related in service or use to the property so converted, no gain shall be recognized.
Into money or into property not similar or related in service or use to the converted property, the gain (if any) shall be recognized except to the extent hereinafter provided in this paragraph:
If the taxpayer during the period specified in subparagraph (B), for the purpose of replacing the property so converted, purchases other property similar or related in service or use to the property so converted, or purchases stock in the acquisition of control of a corporation owning such other property, at the election of the taxpayer the gain shall be recognized only to the extent that the amount realized upon such conversion (regardless of whether such amount is received in one or more taxable years) exceeds the cost of such other property or such stock. Such election shall be made at such time and in such manner as the Secretary may by regulations prescribe. For purposes of this paragraph—
no property or stock acquired before the disposition of the converted property shall be considered to have been acquired for the purpose of replacing such converted property unless held by the taxpayer on the date of such disposition; and
the taxpayer shall be considered to have purchased property or stock only if, but for the provisions of subsection (b) of this section, the unadjusted basis of such property or stock would be its cost within the meaning of section 1012.
The period referred to in subparagraph (A) shall be the period beginning with the date of the disposition of the converted property, or the earliest date of the threat or imminence of requisition or condemnation of the converted property, whichever is the earlier, and ending—
2 years after the close of the first taxable year in which any part of the gain upon the conversion is realized, or
subject to such terms and conditions as may be specified by the Secretary, at the close of such later date as the Secretary may designate on application by the taxpayer. Such application shall be made at such time and in such manner as the Secretary may by regulations prescribe.
If a taxpayer has made the election provided in subparagraph (A), then—
the statutory period for the assessment of any deficiency, for any taxable year in which any part of the gain on such conversion is realized, attributable to such gain shall not expire prior to the expiration of 3 years from the date the Secretary is notified by the taxpayer (in such manner as the Secretary may by regulations prescribe) of the replacement of the converted property or of an intention not to replace, and
such deficiency may be assessed before the expiration of such 3–year period notwithstanding the provisions of section 6212(c) or the provisions of any other law or rule of law which would otherwise prevent such assessment.
If the election provided in subparagraph (A) is made by the taxpayer and such other property or such stock was purchased before the beginning of the last taxable year in which any part of the gain upon such conversion is realized, any deficiency, to the extent resulting from such election, for any taxable year ending before such last taxable year may be assessed (notwithstanding the provisions of section 6212(c) or 6501 or the provisions of any other law or rule of law which would otherwise prevent such assessment) at any time before the expiration of the period within which a deficiency for such last taxable year may be assessed.
For purposes of this paragraph—
The term “control” means the ownership of stock possessing at least 80 percent of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock entitled to vote and at least 80 percent of the total number of shares of all other classes of stock of the corporation.
The term “disposition of the converted property” means the destruction, theft, seizure, requisition, or condemnation of the converted property, or the sale or exchange of such property under threat or imminence of requisition or condemnation.
If the property was acquired as the result of a compulsory or involuntary conversion described in subsection (a)(1), the basis shall be the same as in the case of the property so converted—
decreased in the amount of any money received by the taxpayer which was not expended in accordance with the provisions of law (applicable to the year in which such conversion was made) determining the taxable status of the gain or loss upon such conversion, and
increased in the amount of gain or decreased in the amount of loss to the taxpayer recognized upon such conversion under the law applicable to the year in which such conversion was made.
In the case of property purchased by the taxpayer in a transaction described in subsection (a)(2) which resulted in the nonrecognition of any part of the gain realized as the result of a compulsory or involuntary conversion, the basis shall be the cost of such property decreased in the amount of the gain not so recognized; and if the property purchased consists of more than 1 piece of property, the basis determined under this sentence shall be allocated to the purchased properties in proportion to their respective costs.
If the basis of stock in a corporation is decreased under paragraph (2), an amount equal to such decrease shall also be applied to reduce the basis of property held by the corporation at the time the taxpayer acquired control (as defined in subsection (a)(2)(E)) of such corporation.
Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to the extent that it would (but for this subparagraph) require a reduction in the aggregate adjusted bases of the property of the corporation below the taxpayer’s adjusted basis of the stock in the corporation (determined immediately after such basis is decreased under paragraph (2)).
The decrease required under subparagraph (A) shall be allocated—
first to property which is similar or related in service or use to the converted property,
second to depreciable property (as defined in section 1017(b)(3)(B)) not described in clause (i), and
then to other property.
No reduction in the basis of any property under this paragraph shall exceed the adjusted basis of such property (determined without regard to such reduction).
If more than 1 property is described in a clause of subparagraph (C), the reduction under this paragraph shall be allocated among such property in proportion to the adjusted bases of such property (as so determined).
For purposes of this subtitle, if property lying within an irrigation project is sold or otherwise disposed of in order to conform to the acreage limitation provisions of Federal reclamation laws, such sale or disposition shall be treated as an involuntary conversion to which this section applies.
For purposes of this subtitle, if livestock are destroyed by or on account of disease, or are sold or exchanged because of disease, such destruction or such sale or exchange shall be treated as an involuntary conversion to which this section applies.
For purposes of this subtitle, the sale or exchange of livestock (other than poultry) held by a taxpayer for draft, breeding, or dairy purposes in excess of the number the taxpayer would sell if he followed his usual business practices shall be treated as an involuntary conversion to which this section applies if such livestock are sold or exchanged by the taxpayer solely on account of drought, flood, or other weather-related conditions.
In the case of drought, flood, or other weather-related conditions described in paragraph (1) which result in the area being designated as eligible for assistance by the Federal Government, subsection (a)(2)(B) shall be applied with respect to any converted property by substituting “4 years” for “2 years”.
The Secretary may extend on a regional basis the period for replacement under this section (after the application of subparagraph (A)) for such additional time as the Secretary determines appropriate if the weather-related conditions which resulted in such application continue for more than 3 years.
For purposes of subsection (a), if, because of drought, flood, or other weather-related conditions, or soil contamination or other environmental contamination, it is not feasible for the taxpayer to reinvest the proceeds from compulsorily or involuntarily converted livestock in property similar or related in use to the livestock so converted, other property (including real property in the case of soil contamination or other environmental contamination) used for farming purposes shall be treated as property similar or related in service or use to the livestock so converted.
For purposes of subsection (a), if real property (not including stock in trade or other property held primarily for sale) held for productive use in trade or business or for investment is (as the result of its seizure, requisition, or condemnation, or threat or imminence thereof) compulsorily or involuntarily converted, property of a like kind to be held either for productive use in trade or business or for investment shall be treated as property similar or related in service or use to the property so converted.
Paragraph (1) shall not apply to the purchase of stock in the acquisition of control of a corporation described in subsection (a)(2)(A).
A taxpayer may elect, at such time and in such manner as the Secretary may prescribe, to treat property which constitutes an outdoor advertising display as real property for purposes of this chapter. The election provided by this subparagraph may not be made with respect to any property with respect to which an election under section 179(a) (relating to election to expense certain depreciable business assets) is in effect.
An election made under subparagraph (A) may not be revoked without the consent of the Secretary.
For purposes of this paragraph, the term “outdoor advertising display” means a rigidly assembled sign, display, or device permanently affixed to the ground or permanently attached to a building or other inherently permanent structure constituting, or used for the display of, a commercial or other advertisement to the public.
For purposes of this subsection, an interest in real property purchased as replacement property for a compulsorily or involuntarily converted outdoor advertising display defined in subparagraph (C) (and treated by the taxpayer as real property) shall be considered property of a like kind as the property converted without regard to whether the taxpayer’s interest in the replacement property is the same kind of interest the taxpayer held in the converted property.
In the case of a compulsory or involuntary conversion described in paragraph (1), subsection (a)(2)(B)(i) shall be applied by substituting “3 years” for “2 years”.
If the taxpayer’s principal residence or any of its contents is located in a disaster area and is compulsorily or involuntarily converted as a result of a federally declared disaster—
No gain shall be recognized by reason of the receipt of any insurance proceeds for personal property which was part of such contents and which was not scheduled property for purposes of such insurance.
In the case of any insurance proceeds (not described in clause (i)) for such residence or contents—
such proceeds shall be treated as received for the conversion of a single item of property, and
any property which is similar or related in service or use to the residence so converted (or contents thereof) shall be treated for purposes of subsection (a)(2) as property similar or related in service or use to such single item of property.
Subsection (a)(2)(B) shall be applied with respect to any property so converted by substituting “4 years” for “2 years”.
If a taxpayer’s property held for productive use in a trade or business or for investment is located in a disaster area and is compulsorily or involuntarily converted as a result of a federally declared disaster, tangible property of a type held for productive use in a trade or business shall be treated for purposes of subsection (a) as property similar or related in service or use to the property so converted.
The terms “federally declared disaster” and “disaster area” shall have the respective meaning given such terms by section 165(i)(5).
For purposes of this subsection, the term “principal residence” has the same meaning as when used in section 121, except that such term shall include a residence not treated as a principal residence solely because the taxpayer does not own the residence.
If the property which is involuntarily converted is held by a taxpayer to which this subsection applies, subsection (a) shall not apply if the replacement property or stock is acquired from a related person. The preceding sentence shall not apply to the extent that the related person acquired the replacement property or stock from an unrelated person during the period applicable under subsection (a)(2)(B).
This subsection shall apply to—
a C corporation,
a partnership in which 1 or more C corporations own, directly or indirectly (determined in accordance with section 707(b)(3)), more than 50 percent of the capital interest, or profits interest, in such partnership at the time of the involuntary conversion, and
any other taxpayer if, with respect to property which is involuntarily converted during the taxable year, the aggregate of the amount of realized gain on such property on which there is realized gain exceeds $100,000.
In the case of a partnership, subparagraph (C) shall apply with respect to the partnership and with respect to each partner. A similar rule shall apply in the case of an S corporation and its shareholders.
For purposes of this subsection, a person is related to another person if the person bears a relationship to the other person described in section 267(b) or 707(b)(1).
For purposes of this subtitle, if property is sold or otherwise transferred to the Federal Government, a State or local government, or an Indian tribal government to implement hazard mitigation under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (as in effect on the date of the enactment of this subsection) or the National Flood Insurance Act (as in effect on such date), such sale or transfer shall be treated as an involuntary conversion to which this section applies.
For determination of the period for which the taxpayer has held property involuntarily converted, see section 1223.
For treatment of gains from involuntary conversions as capital gains in certain cases, see section 1231(a).
For exclusion from gross income of gain from involuntary conversion of principal residence, see section 121.
120 Citing Cases
947 (1957), overruled by Commissioner v .
We need not decide this issue, however, because petitioners' income from the sale of the -permanent easement regarding the residential portion of the property is exempt under section 121 up to $500,000.
We hold that that transaction was a sale of securities by petitioner Jonathan S.
We hold that the construction in 1987 of Willson's parking lots--including the filling of the pond, the grading, and the installation of lights--and sewage system are "land improvements." See Rev.
1033 provides, in pertinent part, as follows: (a) SEC.
Furthermore, because petitioner apparently does not contend that nonrecognition treatment pursuant to section 1033 or 1034 is warranted, we need not reach respondent’s position thereon.
Internal Revenue Code in effect for the year in issue, and all Rule references are to the Tax Court Rules of Practice and Procedure. Petitioners concede that the destruction of the original house does not qualify as an involuntary conversion under sec. 1033. Petitioners further concede a $12,010 operating loss adjustment. The previous owner of the house had converted the first level from a two-car garage to living quarters in 1972. The record does not establish whether the new building and perm
Lukinovich discussed section 1033 and the income deferral benefits it extended to landowners in involuntary conversion proceedings .
(2) Are petitioners entitled to nonrecognition treatment under section 1033 with respect to certain gain realized by OIP during the taxable year ended February 28, 1991, as a result of the condemnation of certain real property?
- 2 - under section 1033;1 and (2) whether petitioners are liable for an accuracy-related penalty pursuant to section 6662(a).
If we decide that section 1033 permits the use of multiple replacement periods, we must then decide whether petitioners replaced converted property with qualified replacement property.
Whether the Babcock Road and Warfield Drive properties qualify under section 1033 as replacement property for property sold under threat of condemnation.
MIC reported that it was electing not to recognize this gain in accordance with section 1033, and that it had purchased other property similar to or related in use in an amount greater than the gain.
Our conclusion is consistent with section 1033, which provides rules for determining whether gain realized upon the involuntary conversion of property must be recognized for Federal income tax purposes.
Furthermore, because petitioner apparently does not contend that nonrecognition treatment pursuant to section 1033 or 1034 is warranted, we need not reach respondent’s position thereon.
The substantive issues in Johnson I were: (1) Whether petitioners were entitled to defer recognition of gain on the disposition of certain property pursuant to section 1033; (2) whether petitioners were liable for the fraud penalty pursuant to section 6663(a), or, in the alternative, the accuracy-related penalty pursuant to section 6662(a) for 1992; and (3) whether petitioners were liable for the addition to tax for failure to file timely their return for 1992.
This evidence, however, does not address the threshold element of the two section 1033 prerequisites to nonrecognition treatment.
is not warranted where only the real estate, and not the corporations, was subject to condemnation. Third, respondent argues that the discount is not warranted where both corporations could avoid, and did indeed avoid, the recognition of gain under section 1033. As previously stated, ordinarily a sale within a reasonable time before or after the valuation date is the best criteria of - 11 - market value. See Estate of Scanlan v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1996-331, affd. without published opinion
Federal income tax.1 The issues for decision are: (1) Whether petitioners are entitled to defer recognition of gain on the disposition of property located at 45640 North 23d Street West in Lancaster, California (the 23d Street property), pursuant to section 1033; (2) whether petitioners are liable for the fraud penalty pursuant to section 6663(a), or, in the alternative, whether petitioners are liable for the accuracy-related penalty pursuant to section 6662(a) for 1992; and (3) whether petition
n with the condemnation proceedings. Petitioners did not claim the expenses on their 1989 return, since they believed the fees were not deductible because they were attributable to a condemnation award eligible for nonrecognition of gain pursuant to section 1033. Respondent determined in the notice of deficiency for 1989 that petitioners had unreported dividend income of $1,677. However, on brief, respondent conceded that for 1989 petitioners had unreported dividend income of only $573. In Wilso
n with the condemnation proceedings. Petitioners did not claim the expenses on their 1989 return, since they believed the fees were not deductible because they were attributable to a condemnation award eligible for nonrecognition of gain pursuant to section 1033. Respondent determined in the notice of deficiency for 1989 that petitioners had unreported dividend income of $1,677. However, on brief, respondent conceded that for 1989 petitioners had unreported dividend income of only $573. In Wilso
T.C. Memo. 1997-252 UNITED STATES TAX COURT SHIZUO GEORGE KURATA, Petitioner v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Respondent Docket No. 5515-95. Filed June 4, 1997. 1. Held: Gain recognized because P failed to prove sec. 1033, I.R.C., involuntary conversion of property. 2. Held, further, deductions denied for miscellaneous employee business expenses and for moving expenses because P failed to substantiate such expenditures. 3. Held, further, sec. 6651(a)(1), I.R.C., addition to tax for failure t
The issues for decision are: (1) Whether petitioners must recognize the entire gain from the sale of 100,000 shares of WalMart stock - 2 - in January 1989 even though they "repurchased" 96,600 shares of WalMart in December 1989, and alternatively (2) whether the sale and "repurchase" of the stock qualifies as an involuntary conversion under section 1033.1 At the time of the filing of the petition, Richard and Dolores Hutcheson, petitioners, resided in Fresno, California.
a plan of reorganization, the evidence clearly indicates that FSRC adopted a plan of complete liquidation. Alternatively, petitioner contends that the transaction qualifies for nonrecognition treatment under the involuntary conversion provisions of section 1033. Section 1033 provides for nonrecognition of gain if property is compulsorily or involuntarily converted into property similar or related in service or use to the property so converted. Sec. 1033(a)(1). Included within this provision is
under section 6653(a)(1) and (2) for 1985 and section 6653(a)(1)(A) and (B) for 1986 and 1987; and 1 Petitioner conceded before trial that the gain attributable to a 1986 condemnation award which her husband received was not properly deferred under sec. 1033. On brief, petitioner conceded that the proceeds from a 1985 involuntary conversion were also not properly deferred under sec. 1033. Petitioner concedes that these amounts are properly taxable to Mr. Acquaviva. 2 All section references are t
Year Deficiency 6651(a)(1) 6662(a) 1989 $28,496.00 -0- $5,699.00 - 2 - 1990 28,316.93 $7,293.98 5,663.39 After concessions,1 the issues for decision are: (1) Whether petitioners can defer recognition of gain realized on receipt of condemnation proceeds in taxable year 1989 under authority of section 1033.2 We hold they may not.
1520, 1626–28. The changes to sections 902, 960, and 78 were substantive, and Congress made them effective “in respect of any distribution received by a domestic corporation” before or after specified dates. Tax Reform Act of 1976 § 1033(c), 90 Stat. at 1628. This was an interesting choice because, as counsel for the Commissioner a
Filler’s arguments are based largely on irrelevant cases and secondary sources, misapplied Code sections (e.g., section 1033--a gain deferral provision--and section 1231--a characterization provision), and outdated versions of the Code.
- 3 - [*3] received with respect to the bonds is not excludible under section 1033 and (2) no deduction is allowable on the financing ofthe bonds which accrues during the period beginning on the date the facility is not used for tax-exempt purposes and ending on the date such facility is so used under section 150(b)(4).4 Petitioner's claims were assigned two claim numbers: (1) the question as to the tax-exempt status
1033 (any gain from a condemnation award is not recognized if the money is reinvested in a similar property). We had to figure out whetherthe condemnation award for the taxpayer's fixtures "should be treated for purposes ofFederal income taxation as reimbursement ofmoving expenses or as money into which propertyhas been converted." Buffalo Wir
1033 (any gain from a condemnation award is not recognized if the money is reinvested in a similar property). We had to figure out whether the condemnation award for the taxpayer’s fixtures “should be treated for purposes of Federal income taxation as reimbursement of moving expenses or as money into which property has been converted.” Buffalo
on October 25, 2006. On October 24, 2007, the superior court entered a judgment in condemnation providing for the sale ofthe apartment building to the school district for $720,000. Petitioner did not purchase replacementproperty within the meaning ofsection 1033. Petitioner's Income Tax Reporting Petitioner did not receive an extension oftime to file his 2007 Federal income tax return. Petitioner filed a Form 1040, U.S. Individual Income Tax Return, for 2007 on October 13, 2008. Petitioner filed
ndent Docket No. 243-97. Filed December 11, 2002. Ps were successful in this Court in showing that a $130,000 payment received in settlement of an insurance claim was not for punitive damages and that any gain realized would not be recognized under sec. 1033, I.R.C. Ps seek to recover litigation costs under sec. 7430, I.R.C. The parties disagree about one of the prerequisites to recovery--whether Ps exhausted their administrative remedies before the Internal Revenue Service. Sec. 7430(b)(1), I.R
However, section 1031(a) does not go so far in implementing this notion as to be a reinvestment rollover provision, like section 1033 or section 1034.
Dasco elected to defer recognition of the gain from the condemnation sale according to the provisions of section 1033 and, therefore, did not report the gain on its U.S.
Petitioners argue that since the insurance proceeds were reinvested in qualifying property under section 1033 the full amount of the economic loss should be deductible.
However, section 1031(a) does not go so far in implementing this notion as to be a reinvestment rollover provision, like section 1033 or section 1034.
Section 703(a) provides that with exceptions "The taxable income of a partnership shall be computed in the same manner as in the case of an individual".
prepared the 1989 return. Before Ms. Whitfield's preparation of the 1989 return, Mr. Wickersham told Ms. Whitfield that he had sold the Peveto under threat of condemnation. After learning of this, Ms. Whitfield researched the deferral of gain under section 1033. After researching the issue, she called Mr. Wickersham and told him that she needed confirmation of the threat of condemnation. Mr. Wickersham gave Ms. Whitfield Mr. Dies' letter of condemnation. Ms. Whitfield relied on Mr. Dies' letter
(Emphasis added.) For section 1033 purposes, when a partnership is involved, the taxpayer is the partnership.
is control, is no longer useful or available to him for his [purposes]" quoting C.G. Willis, Inc. v. Commissioner, 41 T.C. 468, 476 (1964), affd. 342 F.2d 996 (3d Cir. 1965), which involved nonrecognition of gain upon an involuntary conversion under section 1033. Petitioner also quotes a similar definition - 12 - of an involuntary conversion in Grant Oil Tool Co. v. United States, 180 Ct. Cl. 620, 381 F.2d 389, 395 (1967), which provides that an involuntary conversion of property occurs for purp
that interest received by the taxpayer in connection with a condemnation award must be included in the taxpayer's income even though the gain that the taxpayer realized as a result of the condemnation was subject to the nonrecognition provisions of section 1033. Generally, any portion of a judgment that compensates a taxpayer for the delay in receipt, or lost - 6 - use, of the taxpayer's money constitutes interest and is taxable as such. Kieselbach v. Commissioner, 317 U.S. 399, 403 (1943). The
s control, is no longer useful or available to him for his [purposes]”, quoting C.G. Willis, Inc. v. Commissioner, 41 T.C. 468, 476 (1964), affd. 342 F.2d 996 (3d Cir. 1965), which involved nonrecognition of gain upon an involuntary conversion under section 1033. Petitioner also quotes a similar definition of an involuntary conversion in Grant Oil Tool Co. v. United States, 180 Ct. Cl. 620, 381 F.2d 389, 395 (1967), which provides that an involuntary conversion of property occurs for purposes of
- 7 - destruction of petitioners' residence as a disposition finds support in the involuntary conversion provisions of section 1033, which treat casualties in the same manner as condemnations, and in the provisions dealing with the limitation of the deduction for casualty losses under section 165(h), which specify that personal casualty gains in excess of losses shall be treated as gains from the sale of the property.
We note that our treatment of the destruction of petitioners’ residence as a disposition finds support in the involuntary conversion provisions of section 1033, which treat casualties in the same manner as condemnations, and in the provisions dealing with the limitation of the deduction for casualty losses under section 165(h), which specify that personal casualty gains in excess of losses shah, be treated as gains from the sale of the property.