§43 — Enhanced oil recovery credit

83 cases·12 followed·4 distinguished·1 overruled·66 cited14% support

(a)General rule

For purposes of section 38, the enhanced oil recovery credit for any taxable year is an amount equal to 15 percent of the taxpayer’s qualified enhanced oil recovery costs for such taxable year.

(b)Phase-out of credit as crude oil prices increase
(1)In general

The amount of the credit determined under subsection (a) for any taxable year shall be reduced by an amount which bears the same ratio to the amount of such credit (determined without regard to this paragraph) as—

(A)

the amount by which the reference price for the calendar year preceding the calendar year in which the taxable year begins exceeds $28, bears to

(B)

$6.

(2)Reference price

For purposes of this subsection, the term “reference price” means, with respect to any calendar year, the reference price determined for such calendar year under section 45K(d)(2)(C).

(3)Inflation adjustment
(A)In general

In the case of any taxable year beginning in a calendar year after 1991, there shall be substituted for the $28 amount under paragraph (1)(A) an amount equal to the product of—

(i)

$28, multiplied by

(ii)

the inflation adjustment factor for such calendar year.

(B)Inflation adjustment factor

The term “inflation adjustment factor” means, with respect to any calendar year, a fraction the numerator of which is the GNP implicit price deflator for the preceding calendar year and the denominator of which is the GNP implicit price deflator for 1990. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term “GNP implicit price deflator” means the first revision of the implicit price deflator for the gross national product as computed and published by the Secretary of Commerce. Not later than April 1 of any calendar year, the Secretary shall publish the inflation adjustment factor for the preceding calendar year.

(c)Qualified enhanced oil recovery costs

For purposes of this section—

(1)In general

The term “qualified enhanced oil recovery costs” means any of the following:

(A)

Any amount paid or incurred during the taxable year for tangible property—

(i)

which is an integral part of a qualified enhanced oil recovery project, and

(ii)

with respect to which depreciation (or amortization in lieu of depreciation) is allowable under this chapter.

(B)

Any intangible drilling and development costs—

(i)

which are paid or incurred in connection with a qualified enhanced oil recovery project, and

(ii)

with respect to which the taxpayer may make an election under section 263(c) for the taxable year.

(C)

Any qualified tertiary injectant expenses (as defined in section 193(b)) which are paid or incurred in connection with a qualified enhanced oil recovery project and for which a deduction is allowable for the taxable year.

(D)

Any amount which is paid or incurred during the taxable year to construct a gas treatment plant which—

(i)

is located in the area of the United States (within the meaning of section 638(1)) lying north of 64 degrees North latitude,

(ii)

prepares Alaska natural gas for transportation through a pipeline with a capacity of at least 2,000,000,000,000 Btu of natural gas per day, and

(iii)

produces carbon dioxide which is injected into hydrocarbon-bearing geological formations.

(2)Qualified enhanced oil recovery project

For purposes of this subsection—

(A)In general

The term “qualified enhanced oil recovery project” means any project—

(i)

which involves the application (in accordance with sound engineering principles) of 1 or more tertiary recovery methods (as defined in section 193(b)(3)) which can reasonably be expected to result in more than an insignificant increase in the amount of crude oil which will ultimately be recovered,

(ii)

which is located within the United States (within the meaning of section 638(1)), and

(iii)

with respect to which the first injection of liquids, gases, or other matter commences after

December 31, 1990

.

(B)Certification

A project shall not be treated as a qualified enhanced oil recovery project unless the operator submits to the Secretary (at such times and in such manner as the Secretary provides) a certification from a petroleum engineer that the project meets (and continues to meet) the requirements of subparagraph (A).

(3)At-risk limitation

For purposes of determining qualified enhanced oil recovery costs, rules similar to the rules of section 49(a)(1), section 49(a)(2), and section 49(b) shall apply.

(4)Special rule for certain gas displacement projects

For purposes of this section, immiscible non-hydrocarbon gas displacement shall be treated as a tertiary recovery method under section 193(b)(3).

(5)Alaska natural gas

For purposes of paragraph (1)(D)—

(A)In general

The term “Alaska natural gas” means natural gas entering the Alaska natural gas pipeline (as defined in section 168(i)(16) (determined without regard to subparagraph (B) thereof)) which is produced from a well—

(i)

located in the area of the State of Alaska lying north of 64 degrees North latitude, determined by excluding the area of the Alaska National Wildlife Refuge (including the continental shelf thereof within the meaning of section 638(1)), and

(ii)

pursuant to the applicable State and Federal pollution prevention, control, and permit requirements from such area (including the continental shelf thereof within the meaning of section 638(1)).

(B)Natural gas

The term “natural gas” has the meaning given such term by section 613A(e)(2).

(d)Other rules
(1)Disallowance of deduction

Any deduction allowable under this chapter for any costs taken into account in computing the amount of the credit determined under subsection (a) shall be reduced by the amount of such credit attributable to such costs.

(2)Basis adjustments

For purposes of this subtitle, if a credit is determined under this section for any expenditure with respect to any property, the increase in the basis of such property which would (but for this subsection) result from such expenditure shall be reduced by the amount of the credit so allowed.

(e)Election to have credit not apply
(1)In general

A taxpayer may elect to have this section not apply for any taxable year.

(2)Time for making election

An election under paragraph (1) for any taxable year may be made (or revoked) at any time before the expiration of the 3-year period beginning on the last date prescribed by law for filing the return for such taxable year (determined without regard to extensions).

(3)Manner of making election

An election under paragraph (1) (or revocation thereof) shall be made in such manner as the Secretary may by regulations prescribe.

  • Treas. Reg. §Treas. Reg. §1.43-0 Table of contents
  • Treas. Reg. §Treas. Reg. §1.43-1 The enhanced oil recovery credit—general rules
  • Treas. Reg. §Treas. Reg. §1.43-1(a) Claiming the credit—(1) In general.
  • Treas. Reg. §Treas. Reg. §1.43-1(b) Amount of the credit.
  • Treas. Reg. §Treas. Reg. §1.43-1(c) Phase-out of the credit as crude oil prices increase—(1) In general.
  • Treas. Reg. §Treas. Reg. §1.43-1(d) Reduction of associated deductions—(1) In general.
  • Treas. Reg. §Treas. Reg. §1.43-1(e) Basis adjustment.
  • Treas. Reg. §Treas. Reg. §1.43-1(f) Passthrough entity basis adjustment—(1) Partners' interests in a partnership.
  • Treas. Reg. §Treas. Reg. §1.43-1(g) Examples.
  • Treas. Reg. §Treas. Reg. §1.43-1(i) §1.43-1(i)
  • Treas. Reg. §Treas. Reg. §1.43-2 Qualified enhanced oil recovery project
  • Treas. Reg. §Treas. Reg. §1.43-2(a) Qualified enhanced oil recovery project.
  • Treas. Reg. §Treas. Reg. §1.43-2(b) More than insignificant increase.
  • Treas. Reg. §Treas. Reg. §1.43-2(c) First injection of liquids, gases, or other matter—(1) In general.
  • Treas. Reg. §Treas. Reg. §1.43-2(d) Significant expansion exception—(1) In general.
  • Treas. Reg. §Treas. Reg. §1.43-2(e) Qualified tertiary recovery methods—(1) In general.
  • Treas. Reg. §Treas. Reg. §1.43-2(i) §1.43-2(i)
  • Treas. Reg. §Treas. Reg. §1.43-2(v) Other methods—Any recovery method not specifically designated as a qualified tertiary recovery method in either paragraph (e)(2) of this section or in a revenue ruling or private letter ruling described in paragraph (e)(1) of this section.
  • Treas. Reg. §Treas. Reg. §1.43-3 Certification
  • Treas. Reg. §Treas. Reg. §1.43-3(a) Petroleum engineer's certification of a project—(1) In general.
  • Treas. Reg. §Treas. Reg. §1.43-3(b) Operator's continued certification of a project—(1) In general.
  • Treas. Reg. §Treas. Reg. §1.43-3(c) Notice of project termination—(1) In general.
  • Treas. Reg. §Treas. Reg. §1.43-3(d) Failure to submit certification.
  • Treas. Reg. §Treas. Reg. §1.43-3(i) §1.43-3(i)
  • Treas. Reg. §Treas. Reg. §1.43-4 Qualified enhanced oil recovery costs

83 Citing Cases

Danny & Patti Bain Holloway, Petitioner T.C. Memo. 2006-256 · 2006

then reported the credit as an “Enhanced Oil Recovery Credit” under section 43 on the schedule K-1 that it sent to Danny Holloway.2 The Holloways timely filed their 2002 joint tax return, and claimed not only the full $34,500 credit under section 29 or 43 from Mopass via Holloway, Inc., but also an adoption credit under section 23.

43-23.3-18 (2017), but state laws are not federal rules of evidence. Our Court has itself found that an expert’s valuation opinion that does not comport with USPAP is still admissible, although it may or may not be helpful. See Epco, Inc. v. Commissioner, 77 T.C.M. (CCH) 1731, 1735 (1999). We have “decline[d] to adopt USPAP as the sole standar

OM P. Soni & Anjali Soni, Petitioners T.C. Memo. 2021-137 · 2021

o repudiate the consent as soon as he learn[s] of it if he had not authorized it.” Lyon v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1994-351, 1994 WL 387151, at *4 (citing Mishawaka Props. Co. v. Commissioner, 100 T.C. 353, 366 (1993), and 1 Restatement, Agency 2d, sec. 43 (1957)). Om repeatedly indicated to representatives of the IRS that he wanted Mr. Grossman to handle issues related to the Beauville Corp.’s loss deduction claimed on the 2004 return. Anjali on the other hand allowed Mr. Grossman to act on he

Plentywood Drug, Inc., Petitioner T.C. Memo. 2021-45 · 2021

43-23.3-18 (2017), but state laws are not federal rules of evidence. Our Court has itself found that an expert’s valuation opinion that does not comport with USPAP is still admissible, although it may or may not be helpful. See Epco, Inc. v. Commissioner, 77 T.C.M. (CCH) 1731, 1735 (1999). We have “decline[d] to adopt USPAP as the sole standar

43-23.3-18 (2017), but state laws are not federal rules of evidence. Our Court has itself found that an expert’s valuation opinion that does not comport with USPAP is still admissible, although it may or may not be helpful. See Epco, Inc. v. Commissioner, 77 T.C.M. (CCH) 1731, 1735 (1999). We have “decline[d] to adopt USPAP as the sole standar

252 (1964); Gilson v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1984-447, 48 T.C.M. (CCH) 922. As the Third Circuit explained in Magnus v. Commissioner, 259 F.2d 893, 898-899 (3d Cir. 1958), rev'g 28 T.C. 898 (1957): "[0]ur inquiry is aimed at ascertaining * * * whether rights amounting to full and complete control were relinquished. A transfer ofsomethin

50 (1964); DiLeo v. Commissioner, 96 T.C. 858, 885 (1991), M, 959 F.2d 16 (2d Cir. 1992); Marretta v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 2004-128, 2004 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 130, at *9, M, 168 F. App'x 528 (3d Cir. 2006). The only practical difference between the elements ofcriminal tax evasion under section 7201 and civil tax fraud is the "larger qua

168 - 41 - [*41](1964) and T.C. Memo. 1964-299), afCd, 904 F.2d 1011 (5th Cir. 1990), a_fCd, 501 U.S. 868 (1991). This includes "any failure by the taxpayerto keep adequate books and records or to substantiate items properly." Sec. 1.6662- 3(b)(1), Income Tax Regs. Disregard ofrules and regulations includes any careless, reckless, or int

168 (1964) and T.C. Memo. 1964-299), afCd, 904 F.2d 1011 (5th Cir. 1990), afCd, 501 U.S. 868 (1991). This includes "any failure by the taxpayerto keep adequate books and records or to substantiate items properly." Sec. 1.6662-3(b)(1), Income Tax Regs. Disregard ofrules or regulations includes any careless, reckless, or - 18 - intentional

owth to any significant extent" for -152- purposes ofsection 351(g)(3)(A). So do we. See also 2 Martin D. Ginsburg & Jack S. Levin, Mergers, Acquisitions, and Buyouts, par. 604.3.1.1, at 6-87 (2012); 11 Jacob Mertens, Law ofFederal Income Taxation, sec. 43.8 (2011). We also note that the definition ofthe term "prefer»ed stock" as set forth in section 351(g)(3)(A) mirrors the text ofsection 1504(a)(4)(B), which is part ofthe description ofpreferred stock that is deen:ed not to be stock for purpos

Bernard R. & Desiree Shepherd, Petitioner T.C. Memo. 2012-212 · 2012

43:15A-34 (West 1991 & Supp. 2012). A member ofPERS may have more than one loan outstanding at any time. See id. Mr. Shepherd continued making contributions to his pension with PERS every pay period from the date he received the loan from PERS to the date of petitioners' discharge. Additionally, during this period Mr. Shepherd made monthly loa

Dean F. & Jocelyne S. Pace, Petitioner T.C. Memo. 2010-272 · 2010

ions were not the crux of his case.2o In the best of all possible worlds, perhaps, Pace's pursuit of the unified life would be recognized and rewarded. See, e.g., Pope Paul VI, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World--Gaudium et Spes sec. 43 (December 7, 1965). But the Code imposes a more exact and less merciful accounting: business expenses, charitable contributions, and the costs of everyday life must be identified, segregated, and substantiated by reliable documents and credib

is alive at the end of the Trust’s 20-year term. Under South Dakota law, a contingent remainder does not provide a fixed or certain right to future enjoyment of property and does not vest until a condition precedent has occurred. S.D. Codified Laws sec. 43-3-11 (2004); Rowett v. McFarland, 394 N.W.2d 298, 306 (S.D. 1986). Where the disclaimant has an unequivocal right to receive the property, a disclaimer would allow the benefit of avoiding a second level of tax without the disclaimant really g

43.155.050 (West 2000). - 9 - Mahler v. Tremper, 243 P.2d 627, 629-630 (Wash. 1952), the Supreme Court of the State of Washington held that a county tax on the sale of real estate is an excise tax and not a property tax because it is a tax on the transaction rather than merely ownership. Moreover, this Court has held on several occasions that

Subsection (c)(2)(A)(ii) of then-new section 43, in defining “earned income” for purposes of the earned income credit, included the same 6 Sec.

American Can Co. v. Commissioner 37 T.C. 198 · 1961
Fara Forni v. Commissioner 22 T.C. 975 · 1954
Estate of Howe v. Commissioner 16 T.C. 1493 · 1951
Cleaver v. Commissioner 6 T.C. 452 · 1946
Mackin Corp. v. Commissioner 7 T.C. 648 · 1946
In Re: United · Cir.
In Re: United Healthcare System, Inc., Debtor the Reconstituted Committee of Unsecured Creditors of the United Healthcare System, Inc. v. State of New Jersey Department of Labor 396 F.3d 247 · Cir.
Reconstituted Committee of Unsecured Creditors of the United Healthcare System, Inc. v. New Jersey Department of Labor (In re United Healthcare System, Inc.) 396 F.3d 247 · Cir.
Estate of Bryan v. Commissioner 74 T.C. 725 · 1980
Lay v. Commissioner 69 T.C. 421 · 1977
McKinney v. Commissioner 64 T.C. 263 · 1975
Cole v. Commissioner 64 T.C. 1091 · 1975
Sandor v. Commissioner 62 T.C. 469 · 1974
Healey v. Commissioner 54 T.C. 1702 · 1970
Lutz v. Commissioner 45 T.C. 615 · 1966
Lillie v. Commissioner 45 T.C. 54 · 1965
Doric Co. v. Commissioner 40 T.C. 985 · 1963
Petersen v. Commissioner 38 T.C. 137 · 1962
Marquardt Corp. v. Commissioner 39 T.C. 443 · 1962
Bouchard v. Commissioner 34 T.C. 646 · 1960
Ernst v. Commissioner 32 T.C. 181 · 1959
Estate of Tingley v. Commissioner 22 T.C. 402 · 1954
Bien v. Commissioner 20 T.C. 49 · 1953
Jackson v. Commissioner 19 T.C. 133 · 1952
Frame v. Commissioner 16 T.C. 600 · 1951
Estate of Byrne v. Commissioner 16 T.C. 1234 · 1951
Hirsch v. Commissioner 16 T.C. 1275 · 1951
McAdams v. Commissioner 15 T.C. 231 · 1950
Estate of Varick v. Commissioner 10 T.C. 318 · 1948
X-Pando Corp. v. Commissioner 7 T.C. 48 · 1946
Hecht Co. v. Commissioner 7 T.C. 643 · 1946
Becken v. Commissioner 5 T.C. 498 · 1945
SE TX Inns Inc v. May-Ridge, L.P. · Cir.
Jean A. Stanko v. CIR · Cir.
Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Ass'n v. Ca Secure Choice Retire. Svg. 997 F.3d 848 · Cir.
Arguelles-Olivares v. Mukasey · Cir.
Jean A. Stanko v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue 209 F.3d 1082 · Cir.
Southeast Texas Inns, Inc. v. Prime Hospitality Corporation 462 F.3d 666 · Cir.
Harward v. City of Austin 84 F.4th 319 · Cir.