§59 — Other definitions and special rules
51 cases·6 followed·3 distinguished·1 criticized·2 overruled·39 cited—12% support
Statute Text — 26 U.S.C. §59
For purposes of this part—
The alternative minimum tax foreign tax credit for any taxable year shall be the credit which would be determined under section 27 for such taxable year if—
the pre-credit tentative minimum tax were the tax against which such credit was taken for purposes of section 904 for the taxable year and all prior taxable years beginning after
December 31, 1986
,
section 904 were applied on the basis of alternative minimum taxable income instead of taxable income, and
the determination of whether any income is high-taxed income for purposes of section 904(d)(2) were made on the basis of the applicable rate specified in section 55(b)(1) in lieu of the highest rate of tax specified in section 1.
For purposes of this subsection, the term “pre-credit tentative minimum tax” means the amount determined under the first sentence of section 55(b)(1)(A).
In determining the alternative minimum tax foreign tax credit for any taxable year to which an election under this paragraph applies—
subparagraph (B) of paragraph (1) shall not apply, and
the limitation of section 904 shall be based on the proportion which—
the taxpayer’s taxable income (as determined for purposes of the regular tax) from sources without the United States (but not in excess of the taxpayer’s entire alternative minimum taxable income), bears to
the taxpayer’s entire alternative minimum taxable income for the taxable year.
An election under this paragraph may be made only for the taxpayer’s first taxable year which begins after December 31, 1997, and for which the taxpayer claims an alternative minimum tax foreign tax credit.
An election under this paragraph, once made, shall apply to the taxable year for which made and all subsequent taxable years unless revoked with the consent of the Secretary.
In the case of any estate or trust, the alternative minimum taxable income of such estate or trust and any beneficiary thereof shall be determined by applying part I of subchapter J with the adjustments provided in this part.
The differently treated items for the taxable year shall be apportioned (in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary)—
In the case of a regulated investment company to which part I of subchapter M applies or a real estate investment company to which part II of subchapter M applies, between such company or trust and shareholders and holders of beneficial interest in such company or trust.
In the case of a common trust fund (as defined in section 584(a)), pro rata among the participants of such fund.
For purposes of this section, the term “differently treated item” means any item of tax preference or any other item which is treated differently for purposes of this part than for purposes of computing the regular tax.
For purposes of this title, any qualified expenditure to which an election under this paragraph applies shall be allowed as a deduction ratably over the 10-year period (3-year period in the case of circulation expenditures described in section 173) beginning with the taxable year in which such expenditure was made (or, in the case of a qualified expenditure described in paragraph (2)(C), over the 60-month period beginning with the month in which such expenditure was paid or incurred).
For purposes of this subsection, the term “qualified expenditure” means any amount which, but for an election under this subsection, would have been allowable as a deduction (determined without regard to section 291) for the taxable year in which paid or incurred under—
section 173 (relating to circulation expenditures),
section 174A(a) (relating to domestic research or experimental expenditures),
section 263(c) (relating to intangible drilling and development expenditures),
section 616(a) (relating to development expenditures), or
section 617(a) (relating to mining exploration expenditures).
Except as provided in this subsection, no deduction shall be allowed under any other section for any qualified expenditure to which an election under this subsection applies.
An election may be made under paragraph (1) with respect to any portion of any qualified expenditure.
Any election under this subsection may be revoked only with the consent of the Secretary.
In the case of a partnership, any election under paragraph (1) shall be made separately by each partner with respect to the partner’s allocable share of any qualified expenditure. A similar rule shall apply in the case of an S corporation and its shareholders.
In the case of any disposition of property to which section 1254 applies (determined without regard to this section), any deduction under paragraph (1) with respect to amounts which are allocable to such property shall, for purposes of section 1254, be treated as a deduction allowable under section 263(c), 616(a), or 617(a), whichever is appropriate.
In the case of any disposition of mining property to which section 617(d) applies (determined without regard to this subsection), any deduction under paragraph (1) with respect to amounts which are allocable to such property shall, for purposes of section 617(d), be treated as a deduction allowable under section 617(a).
Any portion of any qualified expenditure to which an election under paragraph (1) applies shall not be treated as an item of tax preference under section 57(a) and section 56 shall not apply to such expenditure.
The Secretary may prescribe regulations under which differently treated items shall be properly adjusted where the tax treatment giving rise to such items will not result in the reduction of the taxpayer’s regular tax for the taxable year for which the item is taken into account or for any other taxable year.
The limitations of sections 704(d), 465, and 1366(d) (and such other provisions as may be specified in regulations) shall be applied for purposes of computing the alternative minimum taxable income of the taxpayer for the taxable year with the adjustments of sections 56, 57, and 58.
For purposes of this subtitle (other than this part), any amount shall not fail to be treated as wholly exempt from tax imposed by this subtitle solely by reason of being included in alternative minimum taxable income.
In the case of a child to whom section 1(g) applies, the exemption amount for purposes of section 55 shall not exceed the sum of—
such child’s earned income (as defined in section 911(d)(2)) for the taxable year, plus
$5,000.
In the case of any taxable year beginning in a calendar year after 1998, the dollar amount in paragraph (1)(B) shall be increased by an amount equal to the product of—
such dollar amount, and
the cost-of-living adjustment determined under section 1(f)(3) for the calendar year in which the taxable year begins, determined by substituting “1997” for “2016” in subparagraph (A)(ii) thereof.
If any increase determined under the preceding sentence is not a multiple of $50, such increase shall be rounded to the nearest multiple of $50.
For purposes of this part—
The term “applicable corporation” means, with respect to any taxable year, any corporation (other than an S corporation, a regulated investment company, or a real estate investment trust) which meets the average annual adjusted financial statement income test of subparagraph (B) for one or more taxable years which—
are prior to such taxable year, and
end after
December 31, 2021
.
For purposes of this subsection—
a corporation meets the average annual adjusted financial statement income test for a taxable year if the average annual adjusted financial statement income of such corporation (determined without regard to section 56A(d)) for the 3-taxable-year period ending with such taxable year exceeds $1,000,000,000, and
in the case of a corporation described in paragraph (2), such corporation meets the average annual adjusted financial statement income test for a taxable year if—
the corporation meets the requirements of clause (i) for such taxable year (determined after the application of paragraph (2)), and
the average annual adjusted financial statement income of such corporation (determined without regard to the application of paragraph (2) and without regard to section 56A(d)) for the 3-taxable-year-period ending with such taxable year is $100,000,000 or more.
Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), the term “applicable corporation” shall not include any corporation which otherwise meets the requirements of subparagraph (A) if—
such corporation—
has a change in ownership, or
has a specified number (to be determined by the Secretary and which shall, as appropriate, take into account the facts and circumstances of the taxpayer) of consecutive taxable years, including the most recent taxable year, in which the corporation does not meet the average annual adjusted financial statement income test of subparagraph (B), and
the Secretary determines that it would not be appropriate to continue to treat such corporation as an applicable corporation.
The preceding sentence shall not apply to any corporation if, after the Secretary makes the determination described in clause (ii), such corporation meets the average annual adjusted financial statement income test of subparagraph (B) for any taxable year beginning after the first taxable year for which such determination applies.
Solely for purposes of determining whether a corporation is an applicable corporation under this paragraph, all adjusted financial statement income of persons treated as a single employer with such corporation under subsection (a) or (b) of section 52 shall be treated as adjusted financial statement income of such corporation, and adjusted financial statement income of such corporation shall be determined without regard to paragraphs (2)(D)(i) and (11) of section 56A(c).
If the corporation was in existence for less than 3-taxable years, subparagraph (B) shall be applied on the basis of the period during which such corporation was in existence.
Adjusted financial statement income for any taxable year of less than 12 months shall be annualized by multiplying the adjusted financial statement income for the short period by 12 and dividing the result by the number of months in the short period.
Any reference in this subparagraph to a corporation shall include a reference to any predecessor of such corporation.
If a corporation is a member of a foreign-parented multinational group for any taxable year, then, solely for purposes of determining whether such corporation meets the average annual adjusted financial statement income test under paragraph (1)(B)(ii)(I) for such taxable year, the adjusted financial statement income of such corporation for such taxable year shall include the adjusted financial statement income of all members of such group. Solely for purposes of this subparagraph, adjusted financial statement income shall be determined without regard to paragraphs (2)(D)(i), (3), (4), and (11) of section 56A(c).
For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term “foreign-parented multinational group” means, with respect to any taxable year, two or more entities if—
at least one entity is a domestic corporation and another entity is a foreign corporation,
such entities are included in the same applicable financial statement with respect to such year, and
either—
the common parent of such entities is a foreign corporation, or
if there is no common parent, the entities are treated as having a common parent which is a foreign corporation under subparagraph (D).
For purposes of this paragraph, if a foreign corporation is engaged in a trade or business within the United States, such trade or business shall be treated as a separate domestic corporation that is wholly owned by the foreign corporation.
The Secretary shall, applying the principles of this section, prescribe rules for the application of this paragraph, including rules for the determination of—
the entities (if any) which are to be to be treated under subparagraph (B)(iii)(II) as having a common parent which is a foreign corporation,
the entities to be included in a foreign-parented multinational group, and
the common parent of a foreign-parented multinational group.
The Secretary shall provide regulations or other guidance for the purposes of carrying out this subsection, including regulations or other guidance—
providing a simplified method for determining whether a corporation meets the requirements of paragraph (1), and
’(B) 11 So in original. addressing the application of this subsection to a corporation that experiences a change in ownership.
For purposes of this part, if an applicable corporation chooses to have the benefits of subpart A of part III of subchapter N for any taxable year, the corporate AMT foreign tax credit for the taxable year of the applicable corporation is an amount equal to sum of—
the lesser of—
the aggregate of the applicable corporation’s pro rata share (as determined under section 56A(c)(3)) of the amount of income, war profits, and excess profits taxes (within the meaning of section 901) imposed by any foreign country or possession of the United States which are—
taken into account on the applicable financial statement of each controlled foreign corporation with respect to which the applicable corporation is a United States shareholder, and
paid or accrued (for Federal income tax purposes) by each such controlled foreign corporation, or
the product of the amount of the adjustment under section 56A(c)(3) and the percentage specified in section 55(b)(2)(A)(i), and
in the case of an applicable corporation that is a domestic corporation, the amount of income, war profits, and excess profits taxes (within the meaning of section 901) imposed by any foreign country or possession of the United States to the extent such taxes are—
taken into account on the applicable corporation’s applicable financial statement, and
paid or accrued (for Federal income tax purposes) by the applicable corporation.
For any taxable year for which an applicable corporation chooses to have the benefits of subpart A of part III of subchapter N, the excess of the amount described in paragraph (1)(A)(i) over the amount described in paragraph (1)(A)(ii) shall increase the amount described in paragraph (1)(A)(i) in any of the first 5 succeeding taxable years to the extent not taken into account in a prior taxable year.
The Secretary shall provide for such regulations or other guidance as is necessary to carry out the purposes of this subsection.
Treasury Regulations
- Treas. Reg. §Treas. Reg. §1.59-1 Optional 10-year writeoff of certain tax preferences
- Treas. Reg. §Treas. Reg. §1.59-1(a) In general.
- Treas. Reg. §Treas. Reg. §1.59-1(b) Election—(1) Time and manner of election.
- Treas. Reg. §Treas. Reg. §1.59-1(c) Revocation—(1) In general.
- Treas. Reg. §Treas. Reg. §1.59-1(d) Effective date.
- Treas. Reg. §Treas. Reg. §1.59-1(i) §1.59-1(i)
51 Citing Cases
It then examined and rejected the taxpayer's argument that the Third and Fourth Protocols reestablished the U .S .-Canada Convention as the last expression of the sovereign will, holding that it could not read the protocols as implicitly reviving original treaty provisions that had been superseded by section 59(a)(2) .
Unlike our decision in First Chicago, where the Court reluctantly felt it necessary to do the Secretary's job, the discretionary nature of section 59(g) relieves us of that awkward responsibility.
Whether or not section 56(b)(1)(A)(ii) has that effect, we do not agree that that reading precludes respondent's claim here; i.e., that a deduction under section 216(a)(1) based on taxes paid by a cooperative housing corporation is a deduction for taxes "described in" section 164(a).
On one of the Forms 8833, petitioners asserted that section 59 is overruled or modified by article XXIV of the U.S.-Canada treaty.
Section 59-20 of the Pawtucket City Code provides that a firefighter may retire after completing 20 years of service and receive a regular service pension equal to 50 percent of his or her average 3 highest years' salary. Firefighters who retire after more than 20 years of service may receive an additional retirement benefit under section 59-21 of
tioners acknowledge that, but for the tax treaty between the United States and the Czech Republic, the above AMT foreign tax credit limitation available to reduce petitioners’ TMT would be controlling. Petitioners argue, however, that any such 90- 1 Sec. 59 was added to the Internal Revenue Code by the Tax Reform Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99-514, sec. 701(a), 100 Stat. 2336, and sec. 59(a)(2) was deleted from the Internal Revenue Code by the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004, Pub. L. 108-357, sec. 4
There is no mention in the Third or the Fourth Protocol of the enactment of section 59 by the Tax Reform Act of 1986 or the enactment of section 1012(aa)(2) by TAMRA.
otherwise indicated, section references are to the Internal Revenue Code. Rule references are to the Tax Court Rules of Practice and Procedure. 4 For fiscal year 1988, respondent determined that petitioner was liable for the environmental tax under sec. 59A in the amount of $1,177. Petitioner offered no evidence or argument relating to this issue. Respondent contends that it is merely computational. We leave resolution of the amount petitioner owes to the Rule 155 computations. -3- 2. The Dairy
whether LTD is liable for environmental tax pursuant to section 59A for its taxable years ended June 30, 1988 and 1989; 5.
whether LTD is liable for environmental tax pursuant to section 59A for its taxable years ended June 30, 1988 and 1989; 5.
319 (1972). -6- [*6] III. Worthless Securities As we'll see, Riley's loss comes from what she calls an investment. This creates another possible deduction for her--a worthless security. Ifa security that is a capital asset becomes worthless, section 165(g) allows a taxpayerto treat it as a capital loss. Ifthe security is not a capital as
the facts relied on by, and the reasoning of, those specialists, which prevents us from properly evaluating both their and his conclusions. See Estate ofPalmer v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1992-48 (quoting 15 Mertens, Law of Federal Income Taxation, sec. 59.08, ät 26 (1989)).15 "Mr. Roddewig's testimony with respect to how many specialists he relied on is inconsistent. Note 5 to the table in his written report labeled "Segregated Cost Analysis: Before Preservation Easement Maison Blanche Hotel C
59-8-407 (2002). The Tennessee State Board of Examiners for Architects and Engineers has adopted the following delineation of engineering and surveying: 1. Land surveying, measurement and calculation of areas, boundaries, property lines, the subdivision of property and the plotting thereof must be done by a surveyor and his drawing must bear h
the facts relied on by, and the reasoning of, those specialists, which prevents us from properly evaluating both their and his conclusions. See Estate of Palmer v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1992-48 (quoting 15 Mertens, Law of Federal Income Taxation, sec. 59.08, at 26 (1989))." The estimated cost of $42.025 million to reproduce the terra cotta portion of the facade is the major element of his reproduction cost estimate. Without adequate support for a terra cotta cost of $42.025 million, we give n
at 772.] See also Estate of Chenoweth v. Commissioner, supra at 1589, where an asset was to be valued differently for gross estate purposes than it was to be valued for marital deduction purposes; and see 15 Mertens, Law of Federal Income Taxation, sec. 59.54, at 154 (2002 rev.), which provides as follows: for estate tax valuation purposes a block of stock may be treated as a single controlling block of stock, even though the block is bequeathed to the decedent’s survivors and his spouse in sep
59, which, although not specifically mentioned in section 55, provides definitions and special rules that apply in the setting of AMT. As to the meaning of the term "taxable income", Congress has provided unambiguously and with sweeping breadth that "for purposes of this subtitle, the term 'taxable income' means gross income [see sec. 61(a) fo
taxpayer for purposes of the preceding sentence). From this text, we understand explicitly that the base of AMTI is "taxable income", and that this base may be affected by the items described in sections 56, 57, and 58. Sec. 55(b)(2). See generally sec. 59, which, although not specifically mentioned in section 55, provides definitions and special rules that apply in the setting of AMT. As to the meaning of the term "taxable income", Congress has provided unambiguously and with sweeping breadth
axpayer for purposes of the preceding sentence) . From this text, we understand explicitly that the base of AMTI is "taxable income", and that this base may be affected by the items described in sections 56, 57, and 58. Sec. 55(b)(2). See generally sec. 59, which, although not specifically mentioned in section 55, provides definitions and special rules that apply in the setting of AMT. As to the meaning of the term "taxable income", Congress has provided unambiguously and with sweeping breadth t
59, which, although not specifically mentioned in section 55, provides definitions and special rules that apply in the setting of AMT. As to the meaning of the term "tagable income", Congress has provided unambiguously and with sweeping breadth that "for purposes of this subtitle, the term 'taxable income' means gross income [see sec. 61(a) fo
59, which, although not specifically mentioned in section 55, provides definitions and special rules that apply in the setting of AMT. As to the meaning of the term "tagable income", Congress has provided unambiguously and with sweeping breadth that "for purposes of this subtitle, the term 'taxable income' means gross income [see sec. 61(a) fo
reign, real property taxes. -- 33 -- (2) State and local personal property taxes. (3) State and local, and foreign, income, war profits, and excess profits taxes. (4) The GST tax imposed on income distributions. (5) The environmental tax imposed by section 59A. In addition, there shall be allowed as a deduction State and local, and foreign, taxes not described in the preceding sentence which are paid or accrued within the taxable year in carrying on a trade or business or an activity described i
ort more reliable than Dr. Cortelezzi’s report. See Buffalo Tool & Die Manufacturing Co. v. Commissioner, 74 T.C. 441 (1980); Estate of Hinz v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 2000-6 (slip op. at 27 n.15) (citing 15 Mertens, Law of Federal Income Taxation, sec. 59.08 at 22 (1999)). Ms. McMahon-King did not value three horses in the herd, La Sensacion de Norco, Presumida de Besilu, and Adelita LaCe. Dr. Cortelezzi valued these horses at $6,000, $15,000, and $3,500, respectively. We find that the horses
to determine a fact in issue, a witness qualified as an expert by knowledge, skill, experience, training, or education, may testify thereto in the form of an opinion or otherwise. [Emphasis added.] 15 See 15 Mertens, Law of Federal Income Taxation, sec. 59.08, at 22 (1999). A common fallacy in offering opinion evidence is to assume that the opinion is more important than the facts. To have any persuasive force, the opinion should be expressed by a person qualified in background, experience, and
1778, 1779 (the U.S.-Germany treaty). This was the same argument made in Pekar v. Commissioner, 113 T.C. 158 (1999). In that case, we found that the treaty provision had been written to allow for the preexisting alternative minimum tax provision in section 59. See id. at 163- 164. The treaty provision, which was written 5 years after section 59 was enacted, states that the double taxation prohibition is “‘subject to the limitations of the law of the United States.’” Id. at 163 (quoting the U.S.
ported U.S. income tax liability. P claimed a foreign tax credit that reduced his U.S. income tax to zero. P did not compute or report liability for the alternative minimum tax (AMT) under sec. 55, I.R.C., or the foreign tax credit limitations under sec. 59, I.R.C. P claimed that the sec. 59, I.R.C., limit on foreign tax credits violated the double taxation prohibitions of the U.S. income tax treaties with Germany and the United Kingdom. Held: The U.S.-Germany treaty and the U.S.-United Kingdom
The Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit recently addressed a similar issue with respect to interest deductions under section 59(...continued) v.
Section 59A controls the environmental tax deduction, and that deduction will be calculated based on the Court's final determination as to the taxable income for years ending June 30, 1989, 1990, 1991, and 1992. 20. For the years in issue, petitioner was a member of a controlled group, as defined in section 1563. The income tax brackets, environmen
credit. Respondent examined petitioner’s 1995 return and determined that petitioner had negligently failed to report that he owed the AMT. Respondent determined that petitioner owed $3,893 in AMT after allowing a foreign tax credit, as permitted by section 59. Respondent also determined a $778.60 penalty for negligence for failing to report and pay the amt and that petitioner was liable for a $194.65 late filing addition to tax because his return was received and filed after the required date.
al, and foreign, real property taxes. (2) State and local personal property taxes. (3) State and local, and foreign, income, war profits, and excess profits taxes. (4) The GST tax imposed on income distributions. (5) The environmental tax imposed by section 59A. In addition, there shall be allowed as a deduction State and local, and foreign, taxes not described in the preceding sentence which are paid or accrued within the taxable year in carrying on a trade or business or an activity described
al, and foreign, real property taxes. (2) State and local personal property taxes. (3) State and local, and foreign, income, war profits, and excess profits taxes. (4) The GST tax imposed on income distributions. (5) The environmental tax imposed by section 59A. In addition, there shall be allowed as a deduction State and local, and foreign, taxes not described in the preceding sentence which are paid or accrued within the taxable year in carrying on a trade or business or an activity described
al, and foreign, real property taxes. (2) State and local personal property taxes. (3) State and local, and foreign, income, war profits, and excess profits taxes. (4) The GST tax imposed on income distributions. (5) The environmental tax imposed by section 59A. In addition, there shall be allowed as a deduction State and local, and foreign, taxes not described in the preceding sentence which are paid or accrued within the taxable year in carrying on a trade or business or an activity described